Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition - Contents

Contents

I. Introduction: The Relationship of Theory to Practice	1
A. Three Approaches to Method	2
1. Theory of second language acquisition	2
2. Applied linguistics research	3
3. Ideas and intuitions from experience	3
B. Interactions Among Approaches to Practice	4
C. What the Three Approaches Have to Say About Method	6
D. Goals of This Book: to reintroduce teachers to theory and hopefully to gain their confidence again	7
Notes	8
II. Second Language Acquisition Theory	9
A. Five Hypotheses About Second Language Acquisition	10
1. The acquisition-learning distinction	10
2. The natural order hypothesis	12
(a) Transitional forms	14
3. The Monitor hypothesis	15
(a) Individual variation in Monitor use	18
4. The input hypothesis	20
(a) Statement of the hypothesis	20
(b) Evidence supporting the hypothesis	22
5. The Affective Filter hypothesis	30
B. The Causative Variable in Second Language Acquisition	32
1. The causative variables	32
2. Language teaching: does it help?	33
(a) When language teaching helps	34
(b) When language teaching does not help	35
3. Exposure variables	37
4. Age	43
5. Acculturation	45
III. Providing Input for Acquisition	57
A. The Potential of the Second Language Classroom	58
B. Limitations of the Classroom	59
C. The Role of Output	60
1. "Conversation" and language acquisition	61
2. Output and learning	61

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