Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition

Fig. 2.3. Acculturation, pidginization-decreolization, and second langauge acquisition.

Second langauge acquisition and the pidginization - decreolization continuum are similar in that both progress via comprehensible input supplied in a low filter situation (area inside the box).

Enculturation = "the process by which an individual assimilates to his own culture or to some segment of it", i.e. the case of European elite professionals who acquire English in their own countries, (For discussion, see Schumann (1978b), pp. 47-48).